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+ State, Sovereign State, Nation, Nation-State, Country, Empire While the terms state, sovereign state, nation, nation-state, and country are often used interchangeably, there are differences. Simply put: A state is a territory with its own institutions and populations. A sovereign state is a state with its own institutions and populations that also has the capacity

The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) are the inhabitants of some parts of the present day Middle-Belt, old Mid-Western, and the entire old Eastern regions of the contraption called Nigeria. The population is estimated to be approximately 65 million. According to Chapter A9, Article 20 of federation of Nigeria constitution, “all peoples shall have the

Introduction: Discussions about Biafra, almost without exception, will make reference to Chukwuemeka Ojukwu. They typically mention Nigeria’s military coups, and some even make reference to Nigeria’s colonial status under British rule beginning in1914. What is rarely even suggested is that any civilization at all existed in the region prior to the British presence and before

The story of Nigeria cannot adequately be narrated without explaining how Nigeria itself came about. Unlike nation states that formed organically, Nigeria is man-made, and hence, has a beginning and a date associated with that beginning. Prior to the later part of the 1900s, Nigeria was not in existence. Britain had eyed the region for

In an ideal world Nigeria’s challenges can be overcome. In practice however, this has proven impossible because of Fulani unwillingness to negotiate with the other sections of the country as equals. The concept of Restructuring is not novel. The first major attempt restructuring of Nigeria occurred a mere seven years after independence. In January 1967,

The emergence of a more democratic polity in Nigeria demands a redefinition of the relationship between citizens and the state. While the essence of military or indeed any other dictatorship is the denial of fundamental rights in one guise or another, the essence of democratic governance rests on the respect for, defence and advancement of

To create Nigeria, the BritIsh engaged in a military campaign to suppress Biafra and other indigenous nation-states. Their initial approach was to rule and administrate each nation state separately as “protectorates”. This was found to be problematic because of the additional administrative costs that this approach created for the British and also because some protectorates

Nigeria was created under the management of Fredrick Lugard, a mercenary sent to subjugate African people and impose trade, in 1914. Working on behalf of the British government, and for their own selfish economic reasons, he amalgamated the vast territory with different indigenous states and referred to it as Nigeria(River Niger and the Area surrounding

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